The Ledger

About This Project

The Ledger is a documented account of Donald J. Trump's legal, ethical, and normative violations across his careers in business, media, and politics.

Seal of Makoto Akashi, 証誠

Compiled byMakoto Akashi証誠

Makoto Akashi is a pen name.

Numerous entries on this site document the use of litigation, prosecutorial referral, and official investigation against journalists, critics, and political opponents. That pattern is the reason for the name, and readers can judge whether the caution is warranted by reading the entries themselves.

Every claim here is tied to a filing, recording, disclosure, or named reporting, and each one states the class of evidence behind it. The sources are linked so the reader can validate them on their own, which Makoto hopes they will do.

Corrections

If an entry is wrong, send three things: the entry ID, what it gets wrong, and a link to the document or reporting that establishes the correction. Entries are amended or removed on the evidence. An objection without a source will not change an entry.

makotoakashi at proton.me

Mission Statement

Purpose and Scope

This project aims to build a durable, rigorously sourced, publicly accessible reference work that documents Donald J. Trump's illegal, unethical, and norm-violating actions across his careers in business, media, and politics. The database is organized by evidentiary strength, searchable by domain, and grounded in primary source documentation.

Verifiable facts take priority over editorial opinion. A transparent evidentiary framework allows readers to assess the weight of each entry independently. Interpretive commentary is reserved for clearly labeled sections. The goal is a resource that compels engagement with the factual record regardless of the reader's political orientation.

Evidentiary Tier Framework

How Evidence Is Classified

Every entry in the database is assigned one of five tiers. These tiers describe the strength and nature of the evidence supporting the entry. They do not represent a judgment about severity. A Tier 1 parking violation is less consequential than a Tier 4 allegation of corruption, but the evidence behind the parking violation is more legally settled. The tiers exist to let readers calibrate their own confidence in each claim.

Adjudicated and Legally Resolved

Tier 1

A court, regulatory body, or government authority has issued a final judgment, conviction, settlement carrying factual admissions, or binding order. The facts were tested through an adversarial process and the entry cites the specific ruling.

Criminal convictions, civil judgments including default judgments, consent decrees, regulatory settlements, court-ordered dissolutions and penalties, and findings of fact by a judge after trial all qualify.

These facts are not reasonably disputable. A court weighed the evidence and ruled.

Formally Charged or Investigated

Tier 2

A prosecutor, congressional committee, inspector general, or regulatory agency has brought charges, published findings, or completed an official investigation, and the matter has not reached final adjudication. That absence often has nothing to do with the strength of the evidence: cases end on procedural grounds, on immunity, or in plea deals by co-defendants.

Indictments qualify, including those later dismissed procedurally, as do congressional findings, inspector general reports, regulatory conclusions, and special counsel reports.

A body with investigative authority found enough to act. Read the outcome and the evidence as separate questions.

Documented Through Primary Evidence

Tier 3

The action or statement is captured in a verifiable primary record and no legal proceeding has adjudicated it. At least one document or recording establishes the claim directly, and the entry links to it wherever the source permits.

Video and audio from C-SPAN, press conferences, rallies, and leaked recordings qualify, as do sworn depositions, financial disclosures and tax filings, executive orders, pardons, official communications, corporate and SEC filings, and Trump's own posts, archived so they survive deletion.

You can check this yourself against the cited source. What the evidence means may be arguable; that it exists is not.

Credibly Reported Through Investigative Journalism

Tier 4

A news organization with editorial review has documented the matter, corroborated across multiple sources, and the underlying evidence is not publicly available for independent verification. Those organizations carry legal exposure for defamation and negligence, which is an institutional check, though a weaker one than a court record.

Investigations from the Washington Post, New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Reuters, and the Associated Press qualify, along with book-length work by credentialed journalists and reporting corroborated across independent outlets. The entry names the outlet and describes the sourcing.

This is professional journalism under editorial scrutiny, and you cannot check its primary evidence directly. Weigh it accordingly.

Interpretive and Normative Assessment

Tier 5

The judgment concerns ethics, democratic norms, standards of presidential conduct, or basic decency. The underlying facts are documented at one of the tiers above; the characterization of them is argued.

Every interpretive entry carries its factual basis at Tier 1 through 4, attributes the reading to its source, and states the counterargument.

This is where the author's perspective enters. The facts are cited and the meaning is argued, and reasonable people will disagree about the second without disputing the first.

Taxonomy of Domains

How Entries Are Organized

Each entry is categorized into one primary domain, with optional cross-references to other domains where relevant. Within each domain, entries are ordered chronologically.

1

Criminal Matters

Acts that have been the subject of criminal charges, convictions, or criminal investigations. Includes both personal criminal liability and criminal liability of organizations under Trump's control.

2

Civil Fraud and Business Deception

Civil litigation and regulatory actions alleging fraud, misrepresentation, consumer deception, or unfair business practices in Trump's commercial enterprises.

3

Financial Fraud and Manipulation

Systematic inflation or deflation of asset values, fraudulent financial statements, tax schemes, and manipulation of financial records for personal enrichment.

4

Emoluments and Constitutional Financial Violations

Violations of the Foreign and Domestic Emoluments Clauses of the U.S. Constitution, including foreign government payments, domestic government spending at Trump-owned properties, failure to divest, and constitutional litigation.

5

Abuse of Official Power

Actions taken using the powers of the presidency or other official positions for personal, political, or financial benefit. Includes misuse of pardon power, weaponization of government agencies, and interference with law enforcement and the judiciary.

6

Obstruction of Legal and Investigative Processes

Actions taken to impede, delay, or undermine criminal investigations, civil proceedings, congressional inquiries, or regulatory enforcement. Includes witness intimidation, evidence concealment, and defiance of lawful subpoenas.

7

Incitement, Endorsement, and Encouragement of Violence

Public statements, social media posts, rally speeches, and official communications that incite, endorse, encourage, or fail to condemn violence against specific individuals, groups, or institutions.

8

Documented Falsehoods on Matters of Public Consequence

Statements made in official or public contexts that are demonstrably false on matters of significant public consequence, with particular attention to falsehoods with material impact on public policy, democratic processes, or public safety. Mere opinion, exaggeration, and political spin are excluded.

9

Treatment of Individuals: Cruelty, Defamation, and Degradation

Documented instances of personal cruelty, public degradation, defamation, or dehumanizing treatment directed at specific individuals, including private citizens, public servants, political opponents, journalists, members of the military, and sexual assault accusers.

10

Democratic Norm Violations and Institutional Erosion

Actions that violate established norms of democratic governance, institutional independence, peaceful transfer of power, rule of law, and constitutional order, even where those norms may not be codified in enforceable law.

11

Charitable and Philanthropic Abuse

Misuse of charitable organizations, donor funds, and philanthropic structures for personal, political, or commercial gain.

12

Labor, Contractor, and Employment Abuses

Documented patterns of nonpayment, underpayment, exploitation, or abuse of workers, contractors, and employees across Trump's business enterprises.

Editorial Standards

Methodology and Practice

Neutral language in factual summaries. The author avoids loaded adjectives and lets the facts speak for themselves. The preferred construction is “the court found” rather than “Trump was caught.” The preferred construction is “the jury awarded $83.3 million” rather than “Trump was slapped with a massive penalty.”
Attribution of characterizations. When using strong language, the author attributes it to its source. The preferred construction is “what the Attorney General characterized as a ‘shocking pattern of illegality’” rather than adopting the characterization as the author’s own voice.
Counterarguments always included. Every entry includes Trump's stated defense and any legitimate mitigating context. This practice is non-negotiable for credibility.
Corrections policy. Factual errors are corrected promptly with a visible changelog. Corrections strengthen credibility.
Author's voice clearly marked. When the author offers interpretation — primarily in Tier 5 entries and Author's Notes — the text is always in first person and visually distinguished from factual content.
No crowdsourced entries. All content is authored or verified by the project editor. Tips and suggestions are welcome, but unvetted submissions are not published.

Entry Structure

How Each Entry Is Formatted

Every entry follows an identical structure. This consistency is what distinguishes a reference work from an opinion piece.

Entry ID
Domain prefix and sequential number — e.g., CRIM-001, EMOL-003, FRAUD-012
Title
Concise, neutral, descriptive title
Date or Date Range
Specific date or range of relevant conduct
Evidentiary Tier
Tier 1 through 5, with brief justification for the tier assignment
Domain
Primary domain of classification
Cross-References
Other relevant domains, where applicable
Status
Active / Resolved / Under Appeal / Dismissed, with date of last status change
Factual Summary
Neutral, factual description of what occurred. No adjectives implying moral judgment unless quoting a court or official finding. Most entries run 200 to 500 words.
Primary Sources
Numbered list of primary documents with full citations and links: court orders, government reports, video or audio, financial filings.
Corroborating Sources
Secondary journalism and analysis providing context, with outlet, headline, author, date, and link.
Author's Note
Optional, for Tier 5 entries or when context is warranted. Clearly labeled interpretive commentary written in first person.
Counterarguments and Context
Documented defenses, mitigating factors, or alternative interpretations offered by Trump, his legal team, or his supporters. Presented factually without endorsement or dismissal.

Browse the full record by domain, or filter by evidentiary tier to assess the strength of any given claim.

Browse all entries →